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【金子勘三郎家】 パネル6（Part 6）
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其の六 発掘調査で分かったこと
建築当初からの増築の痕跡
2020(令和2)年7月、金子勘三郎家主屋の修理工事に先立ち、建物床下の状況を確認するための発掘調査を行いました。
調査の結果、床下全面が固く叩き締められていたことがわかりました。
建物中央部付近は石灰等により地表面が白くなっており、当家主屋を建てる際に、湿気対策として地盤工事が行われたと考えられます。
また、建築部材のほか、「オマエ」から食器類、「ナンド」から装飾品類、「ブツマ」から仏具類、勝手口付近から履物などがみつかりました。
いずれの遺物も江戸時代後期以降のもので、建物の各部屋の用途や機能とほぼ合致する結果となりました。
床下の痕跡
これまでの調査で、当家主屋では「オイエ」北側の玄関や北東の風呂・流し部分の増築をはじめ、建築当初から数回、増改築が行われていることが判明しています。
2021(令和3)年5～6月には、その他の改造の痕跡を確認するため、建物周囲の発掘調査を行いました。
調査の結果、南東側と南側において、昭和時代の増築と考えられる礎石列がみつかりました。
増築部は「タテダシ」と呼ばれ、金子勘三郎氏への聞き取り調査では、南東側に奥行3尺(約90cm)程度の「タテダシ」があったことが確認できました。
また、南側には「ベンジョ」を伴う「タテダシ」の礎石列があり、古写真の外部建具の形状・意匠等から、昭和時代初期頃の増築と推測されます。
「タテダシ」の用途は不明ですが、時代の変遷とともに居住空間を広げ、生活の利便性を図るためのものと考えられます。
Part 6 Results of Excavation Surveys
Traces of Extension Work from the Time of Building
In July 2020, before the repair work of the main building, excavation surveys were carried out to check the condition of the area under the building.
The surveys revealed that the whole area under the floor was beaten until it became tightly compacted.
Around the center of the building, the surface was whitened with lime, which implies groundworks were carried out for moisture control when they built the main building.
Also, in addition to the building materials, tableware from the omae (kitchen), decorative items from the nando (closet), Buddhist altar equipment from the butsuma (Buddhist alter room), and Japanese wooden sandals near the back entrance were discovered.
Each of these artifacts is from after the late Edo period, which closely matches the use and function of each room in the building.
Traces Under the Floor
These surveys revealed that several extension and reconstruction works on the main building have been carried out, including the extension works on the entrance in the north of the oie (living room) and on the bath and sink in the northeast.
In May and June in 2021, an excavation survey was carried out around the building to identify traces of other modifications.
The surveys revealed rows of foundation stones on the southeast and southern side of the building, which are thought to show that extension work was carried out in the fisrt half of the 20th century.
The extension portion was called tatedashi, and according to an interview with Mr. Kaneko Kanzaburo, there was a tatedashi of about 90 centimeters long in the southeast.
On the southern side of the building, there were rows of tatedashi foundation stones with a benjo (lavatory). From the form and design of the external fixtures in old photographs, it is presumed that this extension work was conducted around the early Showa period (1920s-1930s).
It is not clear what the tatedashi was used for, but it is presumed that it expanded the residential space, making life more convenient with the changes of the times.
